In-text Citation for Personal Communication
Personal communications include letters, memos, emails, personal interviews, telephone conversations. Because they do not provide recoverable date, personal communications are not included in the reference list.
We cite personal communications in text only. Give the initial as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible:
J. Clarkson, a graduate student majoring in Fashion Merchandising at Southern Illinois University Carbondale (personal communication, April 8th, 2007) prefers to cram the night before a final exam. “I don’t know why my brain works very well the night before the final exam,” she says smiling, “That’s why I really like staying up late.”
Even though Clarkson likes to cram, she opposes the idea of using stimulants, saying they are harmful to students’ health.
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